Why is Volcano Surveillance Necessary? Volcanoes pose a danger to life in many parts of the world. Eruptions occur relatively frequently, presenting risks to both health and infrastructure. The analysis of gas, liquid, and soil samples offers vital information...
The Basics of Li-Ion Batteries There are three components of a lithium-ion battery: the cathode, the anode, and the electrolyte. Cathodes are usually the most expensive and heaviest element of the battery meaning that cathode studies are high priority. The cathode is...
In materials science, a surface interface refers to the boundary region between air (or a vacuum) and physical media. The atomic composition and topography of a solid’s surface monolayer can determine many of the chemical-mechanical characteristics of the bulk...
The Beginning of the Lithium Battery For many years, the only suitable battery for portable equipment, such as mobile computing and wireless communications, was nickel-cadmium. Pioneer work on the lithium battery began in 1912. However, it wasn’t until the 1970s when...
Fermenters are used to accelerate the metabolic reactions within heterogeneous systems and promote population growth of desirable fungi and bacterial cells. This is typically conducted by introducing enzymes or other microorganisms to organic substrates in a...
