Electrochemical fuel cells are envisaged as a potential successor technology to combustion engines in the automotive sector. Although studies have considered numerous gaseous elements as the fuel source for electrochemical stacks, hydrogen (H2) remains the primary...
Electrochemistry is concerned with the range of oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions that cause electrons to transfer between the molecules of reactants. It is the study of the relationship between electricity and an identifiable chemical change, which was first...
The analytical technique of mass spectrometry has a broad range of uses that include, for example, identifying unknown compounds within a material, measuring the amount of a known material that is present in a sample, and measuring changes in sample composition in...
HPR60 Molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) is used for quantitative gas analysis of reactive species and intermediates formed in various processes. Gas phase intermediates are sampled from reaction chambers using a differentially-pumped inlet, which forms a...
Successful engineering of a thin film structure through semi-modern manufacturing techniques was first reported as early as the 1800s. Oil-sealed vacuum pumps were used to sputter a component substrate with nebulized sample material, forming an extremely functional...
